Abstract
Abstract. The thermal effect of the sauna on the human body is a type of thermal stress. So far, sports, biochemical, physiological, medical aspects of the effects of heat in the light of the dynamics of changes in the human body have not been comprehensively studied. The results of some experimenters on nervous and humoral regulation in various human organ systems are contradictory. The effects of sauna in the process of acclimatization to competitions in countries with hot climate, maintenance of sports conditions of injured athletes and representatives of mass sports, correction of speed and strength and endurance are not fully researched. These aspects of the problem are of great importance for modern theory and methods of physical culture and sports, optimal health technologies. Therefore, the problem of multi-vector influence of the sauna is relevant and does not require additional evidence. The purpose of the review was to explain the biochemical, physiological mechanisms of adaptation of the human body to overheating, dehydration during the various phases of the session, long-term health and sports results and modernization of its application. The literature search in the article was carried out according to the method of using the above keywords in the electronic database PubMed. Search terms for biological, medical and sports aspects of sauna exposure, adaptation mechanisms and methods of thermotherapy have been introduced in various combinations, using bibliographies in original scientific articles and reviews. The review clarified some aspects of the mechanism of the effect of heat on physical conditions and sports indicators of power and speed training, endurance of people and methods of its use. The place, role, dynamics of changes in reactive oxygen species, the balance between them and the antioxidant system are shown. The consequences of changes in the core temperature of the human body and the stabilizing function of thermal shock proteins are specified. An attempt is made to eliminate the contradiction in the understanding of experimental results on endocrine and nervous regulation in different body systems.
Keywords
sauna; mechanism of thermal adaptation; sports results
References
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